金融保險(xiǎn) BANKING AND INSURANCE BUSINESS



將原來(lái)的高度集中的計(jì)劃金融管理體制改為實(shí)行中央銀行體制, 以人民銀行為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，專業(yè)銀行為主體，保險(xiǎn)公司、信托投資公司、農(nóng)村信用社、城市信用社、證券公司等多種金融機(jī)構(gòu)并存和協(xié)作的，多層次、多功能的金融組織體系。

 The original highly-concentrated planned banking managing system is

transformed into the Central Bank system, that is , establishing a

cooperative, multi-levelled and multi-functioned banking

organizational system which is bed by the People’s Bank of China,

operated with specialized banks as the main body and supported by

insurance companies, trust investment companies, rural credit

cooperatives, city credit cooperatives and stock companies.



信貸資金運(yùn)行機(jī)制 operational mechanism of credit capitals

實(shí)貸實(shí)存 actual loans and deposits

融通資金 allocate funds



（銀行、商業(yè)、消費(fèi)、國(guó)家、民間）信用

 (banking, commercial, consuming, state and non-governmental)credits



商業(yè)票據(jù) commercial bills

國(guó)家/企業(yè)債券 state/enterprises bonds

股票 stocks

大額定期儲(chǔ)蓄存單 large amount deposit receipts



全市初步形成了以同業(yè)資金拆借市場(chǎng)證券市場(chǎng)和外匯調(diào)劑市場(chǎng)為主內(nèi)容的金融市場(chǎng)體系。

 A banking market system majored by call markets, stock

markets and foreign exchange regulating markets is primarily formed

in the Municipality.



積極發(fā)揮利率的經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿作用。擴(kuò)大了計(jì)息范圍劃分了利率種類和檔次實(shí)行區(qū)別利率同時(shí)推行浮動(dòng)利率。

 Giving full play to the economic lever function of interest rates. Spheres of interest-reckoning are expanded. differentiated interest rates are carried out b dividing interest rates into various kinds and levels. Floating interest rates
are adopted.



允許外匯額度和現(xiàn)匯進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)，價(jià)格隨行就市。

Market regulations of foreign exchange quotas and cash remittances are

permitted, and prices are changeable according t changes of the market.



統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)算和信息傳遞

 statistics， account-settling and information transferring



風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任 risk responsibility

社會(huì)保險(xiǎn) social insurance

社會(huì)保障 social security

社會(huì)福利 social welfare service

失業(yè)保險(xiǎn) insurance for the unemployed

退休（養(yǎng)老）金 pensions

生活待遇 material amenities

便民服務(wù) handy service for the public

社會(huì)救濟(jì)對(duì)象 people eligible for social relief

社會(huì)福利院 social welfare home

財(cái)稅融資 TAXATION AND FINANCING

財(cái)政 revenue and public financing



財(cái)政包干 local governments are responsible for their own finance;

fiscal contract responsibility system



財(cái)稅改革 fiscal and tax reform



分稅制 system whereby tax revenues are shared by central and local authorities



利稅分流 system whereby state-owned enterprises pay tax plus a

percentage of profits



累進(jìn)稅率 progressive tax rate

稅基 tax base



稅種（營(yíng)業(yè)稅、所得稅、增值稅、消費(fèi)稅、流轉(zhuǎn)稅、關(guān)稅） category of tax

(business tax, value added tax 〖VAT〗,consumption tax, turnover tax,

tariff)



貨幣投放 money supply



融資（項(xiàng)目貸款、債券股票融資、集資、游資、經(jīng)常性貸款、貸款利率、贈(zèng)款、擔(dān)保人）

 financing(project financing, financing in the form of bonds and stocks, fund

 raising, idle funds, commercial lending, lending rate, grants, guarantor)



信貸額度 line of credit

買方信貸/賣方信貸 buyer credits/supplier credits

償還期限 repayment terms

履約保證金 performance guarantee

差額墊支擔(dān)保 provide shortfall payment guarantee

優(yōu)惠貸款 soft loan

混合信貸 mixed credits

寬限期 grace period

回流貸款 recycling loan

還本付息 repay principle and pay interest on loans

回收快 gain quick return

回報(bào)率 rate or return (ROR)

盈利能力 profitability

規(guī)模效益 an economy of scale



信貸規(guī)模管理（存款準(zhǔn)備金率、中央銀行貸款利率、公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù)） control over scale of bank credit (reserve ratio on deposits, central bank’s

lending rates, open market operations)



最初設(shè)立該機(jī)構(gòu)是為了執(zhí)行反托拉斯法。制訂該項(xiàng)法律的目的在于防止壟斷和維護(hù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

 The agency was originally established to enforce antitrust laws. These laws are designed to prevent monopoly and maintain competition.



建立保險(xiǎn)金制度和物品儲(chǔ)備制度以便平衡供求關(guān)系。

 The system of risk-proof fund and material reserve are designed to balance

the supply and demand.



經(jīng)過(guò)15年的努力，中國(guó)已經(jīng)初步完成了價(jià)格改革，截止到1992年底，靠市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)價(jià)格的商品已占93%。

 Following 15 years of effort, China has initially completed prices reform. By the end of 1992, commodities subject to market regulation have accounted for 93%.



進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的積極作用，以抵消物價(jià)上漲對(duì)人民生活水平帶來(lái)的消極影響。

to further expand the positive role of market mechanism in order to offset the

adverse influences of price hikes on the living standard of the people.



采取靈活措施

 exercise flexible measures


政府頒布詳盡措施打擊欺騙性價(jià)格和暴利，相關(guān)的執(zhí)行細(xì)則將于4月1日生效。新規(guī)定將起到限制與保護(hù)的雙重作用。

 The government has enacted sweeping moves/measures against gouging

price and staggering/exorbitant/excessive profits, and the related detailed

implementation rules will go into effect on 1st of April. The new

regulations will play a dual role of restriction and protection.



價(jià)格波動(dòng)再次警告我們不要對(duì)糧食價(jià)格掉以輕心。

Price fluctuation once again warned us not to treat the grain price lightly.